Dr. Asaduddin M. Laskar, Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia

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Pollution: The polluted air, water and soil need many years to recover/or get replenished.
Water resources may get polluted by oil spill, acid rain or urban runoff. Air pollution is caused by the release of different gasses and toxins from the industries, factories and combustion of fossil fuels.
Soil is contaminated by the disposal of industrial waste.

Global Warming: The emission of greenhouse gasses is one of the major causes of global warming. As a result of global warming, the temperature of the oceans and the surface of the earth rise causing the melting of polar ice caps, rise in sea levels and also unnatural patterns of precipitation such as flash floods, excessive snow or desertification.

Population explosion: In the less developed and the developing countries, the shortage of resources like water, fuel and food is caused by population explosion. In agriculture, the use of chemical fertilizer, pesticides and insecticides to produce more food is damaging the environment.

Loss of biodiversity:The extinction of certain species and habitats is disturbing the ecosystem. As for instance, natural processes like pollination is being threatened. Again, the destruction of coral reefs (in the oceans) is threatening the rich marine life.

Deforestation: The clearing of the green cover (trees and plants) for residential, industrial and commercial purposes is posing danger to the existing 30% forest cover.
Forests are natural sinks of carbon dioxide and produce fresh oxygen as well as helps in regulating temperature and rainfall.

Ozone layer depletion: The release of Chloro-Floro carbons gasses from different industrial and consumer products is causing the depletion of the ozone layer (in the upper atmosphere).
Ozone layer prevents harmful UV radiation from reaching the earth.

Urban Sprawl: The migration of population from urban areas to rural areas, whereby causing the extension of city, is resulting in the degradation of land, increased traffic, health issues and the displacement of flora and fauna. Genetic engineering: The genetic modification of food results in increased toxins and diseases as genes from an allergic plant can transfer to target plant.Genetically modified crops may be toxic to certain wildlife. The development of insect resistant plant can cause the resultant organisms to become resistant to antibiotics.

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